Choosing the right database is a critical choice when building any software application. All databases have different strengths and weaknesses when it comes to performance, so deciding which database has the most benefits and the most minor downsides for your specific use case and data model is an important decision. Below you will find an overview of the key concepts, architecture, features, use cases, and pricing models of OSI PI Data Historian and RRDtool so you can quickly see how they compare against each other.

The primary purpose of this article is to compare how OSI PI Data Historian and RRDtool perform for workloads involving time series data, not for all possible use cases. Time series data typically presents a unique challenge in terms of database performance. This is due to the high volume of data being written and the query patterns to access that data. This article doesn’t intend to make the case for which database is better; it simply provides an overview of each database so you can make an informed decision.

OSI PI Data Historian vs RRDtool Breakdown


 
Database Model

Time series database/data historian

Time series database

Architecture

OSIsoft PI System is a suite of software products designed for real-time data collection, storage, and analysis of time series data in industrial environments. The PI System is built around the PI Server, which stores, processes, and serves data to clients, and it can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud.

RRDtool is a single-node, non-distributed database generally deployed on a single machine

License

Closed source

GNU GPLv2

Use Cases

Industrial data management, real-time monitoring, asset health tracking, predictive maintenance, energy management

Monitoring, observability, Network performance tracking, System metrics, Log data storage

Scalability

Supports horizontal scaling through distributed architecture, data replication, and data federation for large-scale deployments

Limited scalability- more suitable for small to medium-sized datasets

Looking for the most efficient way to get started?

Whether you are looking for cost savings, lower management overhead, or open source, InfluxDB can help.

OSI PI Data Historian Overview

OSI PI, also known as OSIsoft PI System, is an enterprise-level data management and analytics platform specifically designed for handling time series data from industrial processes, sensors, and other sources. Developed by OSIsoft (acquired by AVEVA in 2021), the PI System has been widely used in various industries such as energy, manufacturing, utilities, and pharmaceuticals since its introduction in the 1980s. It provides the ability to collect, store, analyze, and visualize large volumes of time series data in real-time, allowing organizations to gain insights, optimize processes, and improve decision-making.

RRDtool Overview

RRDtool, short for Round-Robin Database Tool, is an open-source, high-performance data logging and graphing system designed to handle time series data. Created by Tobias Oetiker in 1999, RRDtool is specifically built for storing and visualizing time-series data, such as network bandwidth, temperatures, or CPU load. Its primary feature is the efficient storage of data points, using a fixed-size database that automatically aggregates and archives older data points, ensuring that the database size remains constant over time.


OSI PI Data Historian for Time Series Data

OSI PI was created for storing time series data, making it an ideal choice for organizations that need to manage large volumes of sensor and process data. Its architecture and components are optimized for collecting, storing, and analyzing time series data with high efficiency and minimal latency. The PI System’s scalability and performance make it a suitable solution for organizations dealing with vast amounts of data generated by industrial processes, IoT devices, or other sources.

RRDtool for Time Series Data

RRDtool was created for time series data storage and visualization, making it a great fit for applications that require efficient handling of this type of data. Its round-robin database structure ensures constant storage space usage while providing automatic data aggregation and archiving. However, RRDtool may not be suitable for applications that require complex queries or relational data storage, as its focus is primarily on time series data.


OSI PI Data Historian Key Concepts

  • PI Server: The core component of the PI System, responsible for data collection, storage, and management.
  • PI Interfaces and PI Connectors: Software components that collect data from various sources and send it to the PI Server.
  • PI Asset Framework: A modeling framework that allows users to create a hierarchical structure of assets and their associated metadata, making it easier to understand and analyze data.
  • PI DataLink: An add-in for Microsoft Excel that enables users to access and analyze PI System data directly from Excel.
  • PI ProcessBook: A visualization tool for creating interactive, graphical displays of PI System data.

RRDtool Key Concepts

  • Round-robin database: A fixed-size database that stores time-series data using a circular buffer, overwriting older data as new data is added.
  • RRD file: A single file that contains all the configuration and data for an RRDtool database.
  • Consolidation function: A function that aggregates multiple data points into a single data point, such as AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, or LAST.


OSI PI Data Historian Architecture

OSI PI is a data management platform built around the PI Server, which is responsible for data collection, storage, and management. The PI System uses a highly efficient, proprietary time series database to store data. PI Interfaces and PI Connectors collect data from various sources and send it to the PI Server. The PI Asset Framework (AF) allows users to model their assets and their associated data in a hierarchical structure, making it easier to understand and analyze the data. Various client tools, such as PI DataLink and PI ProcessBook, enable users to access and visualize data stored in the PI System.

RRDtool Architecture

RRDtool is a specialized time series database that does not use SQL or a traditional relational data model. Instead, it employs a round-robin database structure, with data points stored in a fixed-size, circular buffer. RRDtool is a command-line tool that can be used to create and update RRD files, as well as generate graphs and reports from the stored data. It can be integrated with various scripting languages, such as Perl, Python, and Ruby, through available bindings.

Free Time-Series Database Guide

Get a comprehensive review of alternatives and critical requirements for selecting yours.

OSI PI Data Historian Features

Data collection and storage

OSI PI’s PI Interfaces and PI Connectors enable seamless data collection from a wide variety of sources, while the PI Server efficiently stores and manages the data.

Scalability

The PI System is highly scalable, allowing organizations to handle large volumes of data and a growing number of data sources without compromising performance.

Asset modeling

The PI Asset Framework (AF) provides a powerful way to model assets and their associated data, making it easier to understand and analyze complex industrial processes.

Data visualization

Tools like PI DataLink and PI ProcessBook enable users to analyze and visualize data stored in the PI System, facilitating better decision-making and process optimization.

RRDtool Features

Efficient Data Storage

RRDtool’s round-robin database structure ensures constant storage space usage, automatically aggregating and archiving older data points.

Graphing

RRDtool provides powerful graphing capabilities, allowing users to generate customizable graphs and reports from the stored time series data.

Cross-Platform Support

RRDtool is available on various platforms, including Linux, Unix, macOS, and Windows.


OSI PI Data Historian Use Cases

Process optimization

OSI PI can help organizations identify inefficiencies, monitor performance, and optimize their industrial processes by providing real-time insights into time series data from sensors and other sources.

Predictive maintenance

By analyzing historical data and detecting patterns or anomalies, OSI PI enables organizations to implement predictive maintenance strategies, reducing equipment downtime and maintenance costs.

Energy management

OSI PI can be used to track energy consumption across various assets and processes, allowing organizations to identify areas for improvement and implement energy-saving measures.

RRDtool Use Cases

Network Monitoring

RRDtool is often used in network monitoring applications to store and visualize metrics such as bandwidth usage, latency, and packet loss.

Environmental Monitoring

RRDtool can be used to track and visualize environmental data, such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, over time.

System Performance Monitoring

RRDtool is suitable for storing and displaying system performance metrics, like CPU usage, memory consumption, and disk I/O, for server and infrastructure monitoring.


OSI PI Data Historian Pricing Model

Pricing for OSI PI is typically based on a combination of factors such as the number of data sources, the number of users, and the level of support required. Pricing details are not publicly available, as they are provided on a quote basis depending on the specific needs of the organization.

RRDtool Pricing Model

RRDtool is an open-source software, freely available for use under the GNU General Public License. Users can download, use, and modify the software at no cost. There are no commercial licensing options or paid support services offered directly by the project.